Organic compounds

ABSTRACT

1- or 2-substituted (6aR,9aS)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or, 2H)-one compounds of Formula (I), processes for their production, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional application No. 61/012,040, filed Dec. 6, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to 1- or 2-substituted (6aR*,9aS*)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or 2H)-one compounds, preferably 1- or 2-substituted (6aR,9aS)(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or 2H)-one compounds of Formula I as described below, processes for their production, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them. Of particular interest are novel compounds useful as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), e.g., in the treatment of diseases involving disorders of the dopamine D1 receptor intracellular pathway, such as Parkinson's disease, depression, narcolepsy, damage to cognitive function, e.g., in schizophrenia, or disorders that may be ameliorated through enhanced progesterone-signaling pathway, e.g., female sexual dysfunction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Eleven families of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have been identified but only PDEs in Family I, the Ca²⁺-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterases (CaM-PDEs), have been shown to mediate both the calcium and cyclic nucleotide (e.g. cAMP and cGMP) signaling pathways. The three known CaM-PDE genes, PDE1A, PDE1B, and PDE1C, are all expressed in central nervous system tissue. PDE1A is expressed throughout the brain with higher levels of expression in the CA1 to CA3 layers of the hippocampus and cerebellum and at a low level in the striatum. PDE1A is also expressed in the lung and heart. PDE1B is predominately expressed in the striatum, dentate gyrus, olfactory tract and cerebellum, and its expression correlates with brain regions having high levels of dopaminergic innervation. Although PDE1B is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, it may be detected in the heart. PDE1C is primarily expressed in olfactory epithelium, cerebellar granule cells, and striatum. PDE1C is also expressed in the heart and vascular smooth muscle.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases decrease intracellular cAMP and cGMP signaling by hydrolyzing these cyclic nucleotides to their respective inactive 5′-monophosphates (5′AMP and 5′GMP). CaM-PDEs play a critical role in mediating signal transduction in brain cells, particularly within an area of the brain known as the basal ganglia or striatum. For example, NMDA-type glutamate receptor activation and/or dopamine D2 receptor activation result in increased intracellular calcium concentrations, leading to activation of effectors such as calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin and to activation of CaM-PDEs, resulting in reduced cAMP and cGMP. Dopamine D1 receptor activation, on the other hand, leads to activation of nucleotide cyclases, resulting in increased cAMP and cGMP. These cyclic nucleotides in turn activate protein kinase A (PKA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase) and/or protein kinase G (PKG; cGMP-dependent protein kinase) that phosphorylate downstream signal transduction pathway elements such as DARPP-32 (dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein) and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). Phosphorylated DARPP-32 in turn inhibits the activity of protein phosphates-1 (PP-1), thereby increasing the state of phosphorylation of substrate proteins such as progesterone receptor (PR), leading to induction of physiologic responses. Studies in rodents have suggested that inducing cAMP and cGMP synthesis through activation of dopamine D1 or progesterone receptor enhances progesterone signaling associated with various physiological responses, including the lordosis response associated with receptivity to mating in some rodents. See Mani, et al., Science (2000) 287: 1053, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

CaM-PDEs can therefore affect dopamine-regulated and other intracellular signaling pathways in the basal ganglia (striatum), including but not limited to nitric oxide, noradrenergic, neurotensin, CCK, VIP, serotonin, glutamate (e.g., NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor), GABA, acetylcholine, adenosine (e.g., A2A receptor), cannabinoid receptor, natriuretic peptide (e.g., ANP, BNP, CNP), DARPP-32, and endorphin intracellular signaling pathways.

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, in particular, phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) activity, functions in brain tissue as a regulator of locomotor activity and learning and memory. PDE1 is a therapeutic target for regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, preferably in the nervous system, including but not limited to a dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, nitric oxide, noradrenergic, neurotensin, CCK, VIP, serotonin, glutamate (e.g., NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor), GABA, acetylcholine, adenosine (e.g., A2A receptor), cannabinoid receptor, natriuretic peptide (e.g., ANP, GNP, CNP), endorphin intracellular signaling pathway and progesterone signaling pathway. For example, inhibition of PDE1B should act to potentiate the effect of a dopamine D1 agonist by protecting cGMP and cAMP from degradation, and should similarly inhibit dopamine D2 receptor signaling pathways, by inhibiting PDE1 activity. Chronic elevation in intracellular calcium levels is linked to cell death in numerous disorders, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's Diseases and in disorders of the circulatory system leading to stroke and myocardial infarction. PDE1 inhibitors are therefore potentially useful in diseases characterized by reduced dopamine D1 receptor signaling activity, such as Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, depression, narcolepsy and cognitive impairment. PDE1 inhibitors are also useful in diseases that may be alleviated by the enhancement of progesterone-signaling such as female sexual dysfunction.

There is thus a need for compounds that selectively inhibit PDE1 activity, especially PDE1B activity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides 1- or 2-substituted (6aR*,9aS*)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or 2H)-one compounds, preferably 1- or 2-substituted (6aR,9aS)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or 2H)-ones, of formula Q

wherein

-   -   (i) X is C₁₋₆alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or         prop-2-yn-1-ylene);     -   (ii) Y is a single bond, alkynylene (e.g., —C≡C—), arylene         (e.g., phenylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene);     -   (iii) Z is H, aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl,         e.g., pyrid-2-yl), halo (e.g., F, Br, Cl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,         trifluoromethyl), —C(O)—R¹, —NR(R²)(R³), or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl         optionally containing at least one atom selected from a group         consisting of N or O (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,         tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, or morpholinyl);     -   (iv) R¹ is C₁₋₆alkyl, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, —OH or —OC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,         —OCH₃);     -   (v) R² and R³ are independently H or C₁₋₆alkyl;     -   (vi) R⁴ and R⁵ are independently H, C₁₋₆alky or aryl (e.g.,         phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g.,         fluorophenyl, e.g., 4-fluorophenyl), hydroxy (e.g.,         hydroxyphenyl, e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl or 2-hydroxyphenyl) or         C₁₋₆alkoxy;     -   (vii) wherein X, Y and Z are independently and optionally         substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, Cl or Br), C₁₋₆alkyl         (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), for         example, Z is heteroaryl, e.g., pyridyl substituted with one or         more halo (e.g., 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl,         6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2yl,         4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,         5-trifluoromethylpyrid-2-yl) or C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,         5-methylpyrid-2-yl), or Z is aryl, e.g., phenyl, substituted         with one or more halo (e.g., 4-fluorophenyl),         in free, salt or prodrug form. In a further embodiment, the         invention provides a compound of Formula Q, which includes the         proviso that when X is an unsubstituted methylene, Y is         phenylene or heteroarylene, and Z is aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl         or cycloalkyl, then Z is substituted with at least one halo         (e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo) or alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl)         group.

The invention further provides compounds of Formula Q as described above as follows:

-   -   1.1 Formula Q, wherein X is C₁₋₆alkylene (e.g., methylene,         ethylene or prop-2-yn-1-ylene) optionally substituted with one         or more halo (e.g., F, Cl or Br), C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., methyl),         haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl);     -   1.2 Formula Q or 1.1, wherein X is methylene or ethylene         optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, Cl or         Br), C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,         trifluoromethyl);     -   1.3 Formula Q, 1.1 or 1.2, wherein X is methylene optionally         substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, Cl or Br), C₁₋₆alkyl         (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl);     -   1.4 Formula Q, 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3, wherein X is methylene         substituted with bromo;     -   1.5 Formula Q, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.4, wherein X is ethylene;     -   1.6 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.5, wherein X is prop-2-yn-1-ylene;     -   1.7 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.6, wherein Y is a single bond,         arylene (e.g., phenylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene)         optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, Cl or         Br), C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,         trifluoromethyl);     -   1.8 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.7, wherein Y is arylene (e.g.,         phenylene) optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g.,         F, Cl or Br), C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,         trifluoromethyl);     -   1.9 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.8 wherein Y is phenylene         optionally substituted with fluoro at the 3 or 5-position of the         phenylene ring;     -   1.10 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.9, wherein Y is phenylene;     -   1.11 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.7, wherein Y is heteroarylene         (e.g., pyridylene) optionally substituted with one or more halo         (e.g., F, Cl or Br), C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl         (e.g., trifluoromethyl);     -   1.12 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.7, wherein Y is a single bond;     -   1.13 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.7, wherein Y is heteroaryl (e.g.,         pyrid-2-yl);     -   1.14 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.13, wherein Z is H, aryl (e.g.,         phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl, e.g., pyrid-2-yl), halo         (e.g., F, Br, Cl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl),         —C(O)—R¹, —N(R²)(R³), or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl optionally containing at         least one atom selected from a group consisting of N or O (e.g.,         cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, or         morpholinyl), wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally         substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, Cl or Br), C₁₋₆alkyl         (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl);     -   1.15 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14, wherein Z is C₃₋₇cycloalkyl         optionally containing at least one atom selected from a group         consisting of N or O (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,         tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, morpholinyl);     -   1.16 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.15, wherein Z is cyclopentyl;     -   1.17 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.15, wherein Z is         tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl;     -   1.18 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14, wherein Z is heteroaryl         (e.g., pyridyl, e.g., pyrid-2-yl) optionally substituted with         one or more halo (e.g., F, Cl or Br), C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., methyl),         haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl);     -   1.19 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is pyridyl;     -   1.20 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is         pyrid-2-yl;     -   1.21 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is         3-fluoropyrid-2-yl;     -   1.22 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is         4-fluoropyrid-2-yl;     -   1.23 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is         5-fluoropyrid-2-yl;     -   1.24 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is         6-fluoropyrid-2-yl;     -   1.25 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18; wherein Z is         heteroaryl, e.g., pyridyl, optionally substituted with one or         more haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., 5-trifluoromethylpyrid-2-yl;     -   1.26 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is         5-trifluoromethylpyrid-2-yl;     -   1.27 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is         heteroaryl, e.g., pyridyl, optionally substituted with one or         more C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., 5-methylpyrid-2-yl);     -   1.28 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.18, wherein Z is         5-methylpyrid-2-yl;     -   1.29 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14, wherein Z is haloC₁₋₆alkyl         (e.g., trifluoromethyl);     -   1.30 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.29, wherein Z is         trifluoromethyl;     -   1.31 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 wherein Z is aryl, e.g.,         phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo (e.g.,         4-fluorophenyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl or C₁₋₆alkyl;     -   1.32 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14, wherein Z is aryl (e.g.,         phenyl) one or more halo (e.g., 4-fluorophenyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl         or C₁₋₆alkyl;     -   1.33 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.36, wherein Z is phenyl;     -   1.34 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.31 wherein Z is         4-fluorophenyl;     -   1.35 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14, wherein Z is —C(O)—R¹ and R¹         is C₁₋₆alky (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,         trifluoromethyl), —OH or —OC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., —OCH₃);     -   1.36 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.29, wherein Z is —C(O)—R¹         and R¹ is methyl;     -   1.37 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.29, wherein Z is —C(O)—R¹         and R¹ is trifluoromethyl;     -   1.38 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.29, wherein Z is —C(O)—R¹         and R¹ is —OH;     -   1.39 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.29, wherein Z is —C(O)—R¹         and R¹ is —OC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., —OCH₃);     -   1.40 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.29, wherein Z is —C(O)—R¹         and R¹ is —OCH₃;     -   1.41 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14, wherein Z is —N(R²)(R³);     -   1.42 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.14 or 1.32, wherein Z is         —N(R²)(R³), wherein R² and R³ are methyl;     -   1.43 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.42 wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are         independently H, C₁₋₆alky of aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally         substituted with one or more halo (e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g.,         4-fluorophenyl), hydroxy (e.g., hydroxyphenyl, e.g.,         4-hydroxyphenyl or 2-hydroxyphenyl) or C₁₋₆alkoxy;     -   1.44 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.42 wherein either R⁴ or R⁵ is H;     -   1.45 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.42 wherein either R⁴ or R⁵ is         aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo         (e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g., 4-fluorophenyl), hydroxy (e.g.,         hydroxyphenyl, e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl or 2-hydroxyphenyl) or         C₁₋₆alkoxy;     -   1.46 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.42 wherein either R⁴ or R⁵ is         aryl (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with one or more halo         (e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g., 4-fluorophenyl), hydroxy (e.g.,         hydroxyphenyl, e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl or 2-hydroxyphenyl) or         C₁₋₆alkoxy;     -   1.47 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.42 wherein either R⁴ or R⁵ is         phenyl;     -   1.48 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.42 wherein either R⁴ Or R⁵ is         phenyl substituted with fluoro (e.g., 4-fluorophenyl);     -   1.49 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.42 wherein either R⁴ or R⁵ is         phenyl substituted with hydroxy (e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl) or         C₁₋₆alkoxy;

1.50 any of the preceding formulae wherein —X—Y—Z is selected from 4-(5-fluoropyrid-2-yl)benzyl, 4-(6-fluoropyrid-2-yl)benzyl, 4-(3-fluoropyrid-2-yl)benzyl, 4-(6-trifluoromethylpyrid-2-yl)benzyl, 4-(4-fluoropyrid-2-yl)benzyl, 4-(5-methylpyrid-2-yl)benzyl, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)benzyl, biphenyl-4-ylmethyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-(4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl)benzyl, 4-(pyrid-2-yl)benzyl, and 4-(carboxy)benzyl, 4-(methylcarboxy)benzyl;

-   -   1.51 any of the preceding formulae wherein R₄ is H and R₅ is         phenyl;     -   1.52 Formula Q or any of 1.1-1.51, wherein R₄ is H and R₅ is         4-fluorophenyl or 4-hydroxyphenyl;     -   1.53 any of the preceding formulae wherein the compound is         selected from a group consisting of:

-   -   1.54 any of the preceding formulae wherein the compound is         selected from a group consisting of:

-   -   1.55 any of the preceding formulae wherein the compound is         selected from a group consisting of:

-   -   1.56 any of the preceding formulae wherein the compounds inhibit         phosphodiesterase-mediated (e.g., PDE1-mediated, especially         PDE1B-mediated) hydrolysis of cGMP, e.g., with an IC₅₀ of less         than 1 μM, preferably less than 200 nM, more preferably less         than 100 nM, more preferably less than 50 nM, even more         preferably less than 25 nM in an immobilized-metal affinity         particle reagent PDE assay, for example, as described in Example         15,         in free, salt or prodrug form. In a further embodiment, the         invention provides a compound of any of formulae 1.1-1.56,         provided that when X is an unsubstituted methylene, Y is         phenylene or heteroarylene, and Z is aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl         or cycloalkyl, then Z is a substituted with at least one halo         (e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo) or alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl)         group.

The invention also provides formula I

wherein

-   -   (i) X is C₁₋₄alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or         prop-2-yn-1-ylene);     -   (ii) Y is a single bond, alkynylene (e.g., —C≡C—), arylene         (e.g., phenylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene);     -   (iii) Z is H, aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g.,         pyrid-2-yl), halo (e.g., F, Br, Cl), haloC₁₋₄alkyl (e.g.,         trifluoromethyl), —C(O)—R¹, —N(R²)(R³), or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl         optionally containing at least one atom selected from a group         consisting of N or O (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,         tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, or morpholinyl);     -   (iv) R¹ is C₁₋₄alkyl, haloC₁₋₄alkyl;     -   (v) R² and R³ are independently H or C₁₋₄alkyl,     -   (vi) wherein X, Y and Z are independently and optionally         substituted with halo (e.g., F, Cl or Br), for example, Z is         pyrid-2-yl substituted with fluoro (e.g., 6-fluoro-pyrid-2-yl),         in free, salt or prodrug form, including its enantiomers,         diastereoisomers and racemates, provided that when X is an         unsubstituted methylene, Y is phenylene or heteroarylene, and Z         is aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl, then Z is a         substituted with at least one halo (e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo)         or alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl) group.

Preferably, (6aR,9aS)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-ones is 2-substituted, e.g., —X—Y—Z is substituted on the 2-position of the pyrazolo ring of Formula I, for example:

More preferably, when Y is phenylene and Z is substituted at the para-position of the phenyl ring.

The invention further provides compounds of Formula I as follows:

-   -   1.57 Formula I, wherein X is C₁₋₄alkylene (e.g., methylene,         ethylene or prop-2-yn-1-ylene) optionally substituted with halo;     -   1.58 Formula I or 1.57, wherein X is methylene or ethylene         optionally substituted with halo;     -   1.59 Formula I, 1.57 or 1.58, wherein X is methylene optionally         substituted, with halo;     -   1.60 Formula I, 1.57, 1.58 or 1.59, wherein X is methylene         substituted with bromo;     -   1.61 Formula I, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59 or 1.60, wherein X is ethylene;     -   1.62 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.61, wherein X is C₁         prop-2-yn-1-ylene;     -   1.63 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.62, wherein Y is a single bond,         arylene (e.g., phenylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene)         optionally substituted with halo;     -   1.64 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.63, wherein Y is arylene (e.g.,         phenylene) optionally substituted with halo;     -   1.65 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.64 wherein Y is phenylene         optionally substituted with fluoro at the 3 or 5-position of the         phenylene ring;     -   1.66 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.65, wherein Y is phenylene;     -   1.67 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.63, wherein Y is heteroarylene         (e.g., pyridylene) optionally substituted with halo;     -   1.68 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.63, wherein Y is a single bond;     -   1.69 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.63, wherein Y is heteroaryl         (e.g., pyrid-2-yl);     -   1.70 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.69, wherein Z is H, aryl (e.g.,         phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyrid-2-yl), halo (e.g., F, Br, Cl),         haloC₁₋₄-alkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), —C(O)—R¹, —N(R²)(R³), or         C₃₋₇cycloalkyl optionally containing at least one atom selected         from a group consisting of N or O (e.g., cyclopentyl,         cyclohexyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, or morpholinyl),         optionally substituted with halo;     -   1.71 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70, wherein Z is C₃₋₇cycloalkyl         optionally containing at least one atom selected from a group         consisting of N or O (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,         tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, morpholinyl);     -   1.72 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.71, wherein Z is cyclopentyl;     -   1.73 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.71, wherein Z is         tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl;     -   1.74 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70, wherein Z is heteroaryl         (e.g., pyrid-2-yl) optionally substituted with halo;     -   1.75 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70 or 1.74, wherein Z is         pyrid-2-yl;     -   1.76 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70 or 1.74, wherein Z is         5-fluoro-pyrid-2-yl or 6-fluoro-pyrid-2-yl;     -   1.77 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70, wherein Z is haloC₁₋₄alkyl         (e.g., trifluoromethyl);     -   1.78 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70 or 1.77, wherein Z is         trifluoromethyl;     -   1.79 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70, wherein Z is —C(O)—R¹ and R¹         is C₁₋₄alky (e.g., methyl) or haloC₁₋₄alkyl (e.g.,         trifluoromethyl);     -   1.80 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70 or 1.79, wherein Z is         —C(O)—R¹ and R¹ is methyl;     -   1.81 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70 or 1.79, wherein Z is         —C(O)—R¹ and R¹ is trifluoromethyl;     -   1.82 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70, wherein Z is aryl (e.g.,         phenyl) optionally, substituted with halo (e.g., fluoro);     -   1.83 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70 or 1.82, wherein Z is phenyl;     -   1.84 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70, wherein Z is —N(R²)(R³);     -   1.85 Formula I or any of 1.57-1.70 or 1.84, wherein Z is         —N(R²)(R³), wherein R² and R³ are methyl;     -   1.86 any of the preceding formulae wherein the compound is         selected from a group consisting of:

-   -   1.87 any of the preceding formulae wherein the compounds inhibit         phosphodiesterase-mediated (e.g., PDE1-mediated, especially         PDE1B-mediated) hydrolysis of cGMP, e.g., with an IC₅₀ of less         than 1 μM, preferably less than 25 nM in an immobilized-metal         affinity particle reagent PDE assay, for example, as described         in Example 15,         in free, salt or prodrug form, including its enantiomers,         diastereoisomers and racemates, provided that when X is an         unsubstituted methylene, Y is phenylene or heteroarylene, and Z         is aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl, then Z is a         substituted with at least one halo (e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo)         or alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl) group.

Preferably, the compound of the present invention is:

in free, salt or prodrug form.

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a Compound of Formula (X):

wherein

-   -   (i) R₁ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl (e.g., methyl);     -   (ii) R₄ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl and R₂ and R₃ are, independently, H         or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with halo or hydroxyl (e.g.,         R₂ and R₃ are both methyl, or R₂ is H and R₃ is ethyl, isopropyl         or hydroxyethyl), aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally         hetero)arylalkoxy, or (optionally hetero)arylC₁₋₆alkyl;     -    or     -    R₂ is H and R₃ and R₄ together form a di-, tri- or         tetramethylene bridge (pref. wherein the R₃ and R₄ together have         the cis configuration, e.g., where the carbons carrying R₃ and         R₄ have the R and S configurations, respectively);     -   (iii) R₅ is a substituted heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl, e.g., substituted         with C₁₋₆haloalkyl;     -    R₅ is —D—E—F, wherein:         -   D is C₁₋₆alkylene (e.g., methylene, ethylene or             prop-2-yn-1-ylene);         -   E is a single bond, alkynylene (e.g., —C≡O—), arylene (e.g.,             phenylene) or heteroarylene (e.g., pyridylene);         -   F is H, aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl,             e.g., pyrid-2-yl), halo (e.g., F, Br, Cl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl             (e.g., trifluoromethyl), —C(O)—R₁₅, —N(R₁₆)(R₁₇), or             C₃₋₇cycloalkyl optionally containing at least one atom             selected from a group consisting of N or O (e.g.,             cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, or             morpholinyl);         -   wherein D, E and F are independently and optionally             substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, Cl or Br),             C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g., methyl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,             trifluoromethyl), for example, Z is heteroaryl, e.g.,             pyridyl substituted with one or more halo (e.g.,             6-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 6-fluoropyrid-2-yl,             3-fluoropyrid-2-yl, 4-fluoropyrid-2-yl,             4,6-dichloropyrid-2-yl), haloC₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,             5-trifluoromethylpyrid-2-yl) or C₁₋₆alkyl (e.g.,             5-methylpyrid-2-yl), or Z is aryl, e.g., phenyl, substituted             with one or more halo (e.g., 4-fluorophenyl);     -    or     -    R₅ is attached to one of the nitrogens on the pyrazolo portion         of Formula (X) and is a moiety of Formula A

-   -    wherein X, Y and Z are, independently, N or C, and R₈, R₉, R₁₁         and R₁₂ are independently H or halogen (e.g., Cl or F), and R₁₀         is halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl (e.g.,         trifluoromethyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g., pyridyl         (for example pyrid-2-yl), or thiadiazolyl (e.g.,         1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)), diazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl,         arylcarbonyl (e.g., benzoyl), alkylsulfonyl (e.g.,         methylsulfonyl), heteroarylcarbonyl, or alkoxycarbonyl; provided         that when X, Y, or Z is nitrogen, R₈, R₉, or R₁₀, respectively,         is not present; and     -   (iv) R₆ is H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl (e.g., benzyl),         arylamino (e.g., phenylamino), heterarylamino, N,N-dialkylamino,         N,N-diarylamino, or N-aryl-N-(arylakyl)amino (e.g.,         N-phenyl-N-(1,1′-biphen-4-ylmethyl)amino);     -    or     -    R₆ is —N(R₁₈)(R₁₉) wherein R₁₈ and R₁₉ are independently H,         C₁₋₆alky or aryl (e.g., phenyl) wherein said aryl is optionally         substituted with one or more halo (e.g., fluorophenyl, e.g.,         4-fluorophenyl) or hydroxy (e.g., hydroxyphenyl, e.g.,         4-hydroxyphenyl or 2-hydroxyphenyl);     -   (v) n=0 or 1;     -   (vi) when n=1, A is —C(R₁₃R₁₄)—;     -   (vii) wherein R₁₃ and R₁₄ are, independently, H or C₁₋₆ alkyl,         aryl, heteroaryl, (optionally hetero)arylalkoxy or (optionally         hetero)arylalkyl;     -   (viii) R₁₅ is C₁₋₆alkyl, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, —OH or —OC₁₋₆alkyl         (e.g., —OCH₃);     -   (ix) R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₆alkyl;         in free, salt or prodrug form.

In a further embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the Compound of Formula (X) is:

in free, salt or prodrug from.

More preferably, the Compound of the Invention is selected from formula 1.54, in free, salt or prodrug form. More preferably, the Compound of the Invention is selected from formula 1.55, in free, salt or prodrug form.

If not otherwise specified or clear from context, the following terms herein have the following meanings:

-   -   (a) “Alkyl” as used herein is a saturated or unsaturated         hydrocarbon moiety, preferably saturated, preferably having one         to six carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched, and may be         optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted, e.g., with halogen         (e.g., chloro or fluoro), hydroxy, or carboxy.     -   (b) “Cycloalkyl” as used herein is a saturated or unsaturated         nonaromatic hydrocarbon moiety, preferably saturated, preferably         comprising three to nine carbon atoms, at least some of which         form a nonaromatic mono- or bicyclic, or bridged cyclic         structure, and which may be optionally substituted, e.g., with         halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro), hydroxy, or carboxy.     -   (c) “Aryl” as used herein is a mono or bicyclic aromatic         hydrocarbon, preferably phenyl, optionally substituted, e.g.,         with alkyl (e.g., methyl), halogen (e.g., chloro or fluoro),         haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl), hydroxy, carboxy, or an         additional aryl or heteroaryl (e.g., biphenyl or pyridylphenyl).     -   (d) “Heteroaryl” as used herein is an aromatic moiety wherein         one or more of the atoms making up the aromatic ring is sulfur         or nitrogen rather than carbon, e.g., pyridyl or thiadiazolyl,         which may be optionally substituted, e.g., with alkyl, halogen,         haloalkyl, hydroxy or carboxy.     -   (e) For ease of reference, the atoms on the pyrazolo-pyrimidine         core of the Compounds of the Invention are numbered in         accordance with the numbering depicted in Formula I, unless         otherwise noted.     -   (f) Wherein Y is phenylene, the numbering is as follows:

-   -   (g) It is intended that wherein the substituents end in “ene”,         for example, alkylene, phenylene or arylalkylene, said         substitutents are intended to bridge or be connected to two         other substituents. Therefore, methylene is intended to be —CH₂—         and phenylene intended to be —C₆H₄— and arylalkylene is intended         to be —C₆H₄—CH₂— or —CH₂—C₆H₄—.

Compounds of the Invention may exist in free or salt form, e.g., as acid addition salts. In this specification unless otherwise indicated, language such as “Compounds of the Invention” is to be understood as embracing all the novel compounds disclosed herein, e.g., 1- or 2-substituted (6aR*,9aS*)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or 2H)-one compounds, preferably 1- or 2-substituted (6aR,9aS)(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or 2H)-one, the Compounds of Formula Q, e.g., any of 1.1-1.56, Compound of Formula (X), or Formula I, e.g., any of 1.57-1.87, any of these compounds in any form, for example free or acid addition salt form, or where the compounds contain acidic substituents, in base addition salt form. The Compounds of the Invention are intended for use as pharmaceuticals, therefore pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferred. Salts which are unsuitable for pharmaceutical uses may be useful, for example, for the isolation or purification of free Compounds of the Invention or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are therefore also included.

Compounds of the Invention may in some cases also exist in prodrug form. A prodrug form is compound which converts in the body to a Compound Of the Invention. For example when the Compounds of the invention contain hydroxy or carboxy substituents, these substituents may form physiologically hydrolysable and acceptable esters. As used herein, “physiologically hydrolysable and acceptable ester” means esters of Compounds of the Invention which are hydrolysable under physiological conditions to yield acids (in the case of Compounds of the Invention which have hydroxy substituents) or alcohols (in the case of Compounds of the Invention which have carboxy substituents) which are themselves physiologically tolerable at doses to be administered. As will be appreciated the term thus embraces conventional pharmaceutical prodrug forms.

The invention also provides methods of making the Compounds of the Invention and methods of using the Compounds of the Invention for treatment of diseases and disorders as set forth below (especially treatment of diseases characterized by reduced dopamine D1 receptor signaling activity, such as Parkinson's disease, Tourette's Syndrome, Autism, fragile X syndrome, ADHD, restless leg syndrome, depression, cognitive impairment of schizophrenia, narcolepsy and diseases that may be alleviated by the enhancement of progesterone-signaling such as female sexual dysfunction).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Methods of Making Compounds of the Invention

The compounds of the Invention, e.g., a (6aR*,9aS*)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or 2H)-one compounds, preferably 1- or 2-substituted (6aR,9aS)(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H or 2H)-one, a Compound of formula Q or I, e.g., any of 1.1-0.56 or 1.5701.87, or a Compound of Formula (X), and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be made using the methods as described and exemplified herein and by methods similar thereto and by methods known in the chemical art. Such methods include, but not limited to, those described below. If not commercially available, starting materials for these processes may be made by procedures, which are selected from the chemical art using techniques which are similar or analogous to the synthesis of known compounds. All references cited herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.

The Compounds of the Invention include their enantiomers, diastereoisomers and racemates, as well as their polymorphs, hydrates, solvates and complexes. Some individual compounds within the scope of this invention may contain double bonds. Representations of double bonds in this invention are meant to include both the E and the Z isomer of the double bond. In addition, some compounds within the scope of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers. This invention includes the use of any of the optically pure stereoisomers as well as any combination of stereoisomers.

Melting points are uncorrected and (dec) indicates decomposition. Temperature are given in degrees Celsius (° C.); unless otherwise stated, operations are carried out at room of ambient temperature, that is, at a temperature in the range of 18-25° C. Chromatography means flash chromatography on silica gel; thin layer chromatography (TLC) is carried out on silica gel plates. NMR data is in the delta values of major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm), relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. Conventional abbreviations for signal shape are used. Coupling constants (J) are given in Hz. For mass spectra (MS), the lowest mass major ion is reported for molecules where isotope splitting results in multiple mass spectral peaks Solvent mixture compositions are given as volume percentages or volume ratios. In cases where the NMR spectra are complex, only diagnostic signals are reported.

Terms and Abbreviations:

-   -   BuLi=n-butyllithium     -   Bu¹OH=tert-butyl alcohol,     -   CAN=ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate,     -   DIPEA=diisopropylethylamine,     -   DMF=N,N-dimethylforamide,     -   DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide,     -   Et₂O=diethyl ether,     -   EtOAc=ethyl acetate,     -   equiv.=equivalent(s),     -   h=hour(s),     -   HPLC=high performance liquid chromatography,     -   LDA=lithium diisopropylamide     -   MeOH=methanol,     -   NBS=N-bromosuccinimide     -   NCS=N-chlorosuccinimide     -   NaHCO₃=sodium bicarbonate,     -   NH₄OH=ammonium hydroxide,     -   Pd₂(dba)₃=tris[dibenzylideneacetone]dipalladium(0)     -   PMB=p-methoxybenzyl,     -   POCl₃=phosphorous oxychloride,     -   SOCl₂=thionyl chloride,     -   TFA=trifluoroacetic acid,     -   THF=tetrahedrofuran.

The synthetic methods in this invention are illustrated below. The significances for the R groups are as set forth above for formula I unless otherwise indicated.

In an aspect of the invention, intermediate compounds of formula IIb can be synthesized by reacting a compound of formula IIa with a dicarboxylic acid, acetic anhydride and acetic acid mixing with heat for about 3 hours and then cooled:

wherein R¹ is methyl.

Intermediate IIc can be prepared by for example reacting a compound of IIb with for example a chlorinating compound such as POCl₃, sometimes with small amounts of water and heated for about 4 hours and then cooled

Intermediate IId may be formed by reacting a compound of IIc with for example a P¹—L in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K₂CO₃ at room temperature or with heating:

wherein P¹ is a protective group [e.g., p-methoxybenzyl group (PMB)]; L is a leaving group such as a halogen, mesylate, or tosylate.

Intermediate IIe may be prepared by reacting a compound of IId with hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate in a solvent such as methanol and refluxed for about 4 hours and then cooled:

Intermediate IIf can be synthesized by reacting a compound of IIc with hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate in a solvent such as methoxyethanol and refluxed for about 30 min and then cooled:

Intermediate IIg (wherein R¹³ phenyl), can be synthesized by reacting a compound of IIe with for example an aryl isothiocyanate or isocyanate in a solvent such as DMF and heated at 110° C. for about 2 days and then cooled:

Intermediate IIh may be synthesized from a compound of IIg by removing the protective group P¹ with an appropriate method. For example, if P¹ is a p-methoxybenzyl group, then it can be removed with AlCl₃ at room temperature or with TFA under heated conditions.

Intermediate IIh may also be prepared directly from a compound of IIf using the similar methods, but the yields are relatively low.

Intermediate II-I can be prepared by for example reacting a compound of IIh with for example a chlorinating compound such as POCl₃. The reaction may be carried out at atmospheric pressure and refluxed for about 2 days, or heated at 150˜200° C. for about 10 min in a sealed vial with a microwave instrument.

Intermediate IIJ can be prepared by reacting a compound of II-I with an amino alcohol, e.g., (1R,2R)-1-amino-2-cyclopentanol, in a solvent such as DMF. The reaction may be heated overnight and then cooled. The reaction mixture may be purified by chromatography to obtain compound IIJ:

Intermediate IIK can be formed by reacting a compound of IIJ with for example a dehydrating/halogenating agent such as SOCl₂ in a solvent such as CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature overnight or heated at 35° C. for about 4 hours, and then cooled to obtain cyclized compound (IIK).

Compound Ia and Ib may be formed by reacting a compound of IIk with for example a Z—Y—X—L in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K₂CO₃ at room temperature or with heating:

wherein all the substitutents are as defined previously; L is a leaving group such as a halogen, mesylate, or tosylate.

X—Y—Z may also be introduced earlier by for example reacting IIg with Z—Y—X—L and then perform similar procedure as described above to form compound Ia and Ib, as long as Z—Y—X will not be cleaved off in the P¹ deprotection step.

The third synthetic route is also developed for the preparation of Compound Ia.

Intermediate IVa may be formed by for example reacting a compound of IIe with POCl₃ and DMF:

wherein R¹ is methyl.

Intermediate IVb may be formed by reacting a compound of IVa with for example a Z—Y—X—L in a solvent such as DMF and a base such as K₂CO₃ at room temperature or with heating:

Intermediate IVc may be synthesized from a compound of IVb by removing the protective group P¹ with an appropriate method. For example, if P¹ is a PMB group, then it can be removed with CAN at room temperature:

Intermediate IVd can be prepared by reacting a compound of IVc with for example a chlorinating compound such as POCl₃ and refluxed for about 2 days, or heated at 150˜200° C. for about 10 min in a sealed vial with a microwave instrument and then cooled:

Intermediate IVe can be formed by reacting a compound of IVd with an amino alcohol under basic condition in a solvent such as DMF and heated overnight then cooled:

Compound IVf may be formed by reacting a compound of IVe with for example a dehydrating/halogenating agent such as SOCl₂ in a solvent such as CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature overnight or heated at 35° C. for about 4 hours, and then cooled.

Compound IVg may be formed by reacting a compound of IVf with for example a halogenating agent such as NCS and a base such as LDA in a solvent such as THF at low temperature for several hours.

Compound Ia may be formed by reacting a compound of IVg with for example an amine such as aniline in the present of a catalyst such as Pd₂(dba)₃ in a solvent such as dioxane at 100° C. overnight.

The invention thus provides methods of making Compounds of Formula I, for example, comprising

-   -   (i) reacting a         (6aR,9aS)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H         or 2H)-one with a compound of formula Z—Y—X—L wherein L is a         leaving group, e.g., halogen, mesylate, or tosylate, X, Y and Z         are as defined above in Formula I, e.g., under basic conditions,         for example wherein the         (6aR,9aS)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one         is a compound of Formula IIK:

-   -    or     -   (ii) cyclization of a compound of Formula V

-   -    wherein, X, Y and Z are as defined above with reference to         Formula I, e.g., using a dehydrating/halogentating agent, for         example thionyl chloride;         and isolating the Compound of the Invention thus obtained.

Similarly, the invention also provides methods of making Compounds of Formula Q, for example, comprising:

-   -   (i) reacting a         (6aR,9aS)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H         or 2H)-one with a compound of formula Z—Y—X—L wherein L is a         leaving group, e.g., halogen, mesylate, or tosylate, X, Y and Z         are as defined above in Formula Q, e.g., under basic conditions,         for example wherein the         (6aR,9aS)-3-(phenylamino)-5-6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one         is a compound of Formula QK:

-   -    or     -   (ii) cyclization of a compound of Formula QV

wherein, X, Y and Z are as defined above with reference to Formula Q, e.g., using a dehydrating/halogentating agent, for example thionyl chloride.

Methods of Using Compounds of the Invention

The Compounds of the Invention are useful in the treatment of diseases characterized by disruption of or damage to cAMP and cGMP mediated pathways, e.g., as a result of increased expression of PDE1 or decreased expression of cAMP and cGMP due to inhibition or reduced levels of inducers of cyclic nucleotide synthesis, such as dopamine and nitric oxide (NO). By preventing the degradation of cAMP and cGMP by PDE1B, thereby increasing intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP, the Compounds of the Invention potentiate the activity of cyclic nucleotide synthesis inducers.

The invention provides methods of treatment of any one or more of the following conditions:

-   -   (i) Neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease,         restless leg, tremors, dyskinesias, Huntington's disease,         Alzheimer's disease, and drug-induced movement disorders;     -   (ii) Mental disorders, including depression, attention deficit         disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar         illness, anxiety, sleep disorders, e.g., narcolepsy, cognitive         impairment, dementia, Tourette's syndrome, autism, fragile X         syndrome, psychostimulant withdrawal, and drug addiction;     -   (iii) Circulatory and cardiovascular disorders, including         cerebrovascular disease, stroke, congestive heart disease,         hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and sexual dysfunction;     -   (iv) Respiratory and inflammatory disorders, including asthma,         chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis, as         well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases;     -   (v) Any disease or condition characterized by low levels of cAMP         and/or cGMP (or inhibition of cAMP and/or cGMP signaling         pathways) in cells expressing PDE1; and/or     -   (vi) Any disease or condition characterized by reduced dopamine         D1 receptor signaling activity,         comprising administering an effective amount of a Compound of         the Invention, e.g., a compound according to any of Formula I or         1.57-1.87, to a human or animal patient in need thereof.

Similarly, the invention provides methods of treatment of any one or more of the following conditions:

-   -   (i) Neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease,         restless leg, tremors, dyskinesias, Huntington's disease,         Alzheimer's disease, and drug-induced movement disorders;     -   (ii) Mental disorders, including depression, attention deficit         disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar         illness, anxiety, sleep disorders, e.g., narcolepsy, cognitive         impairment, dementia, Tourette's syndrome, autism, fragile X         syndrome, psychostimulant withdrawal, and drug addiction;     -   (iii) Circulatory and cardiovascular disorders, including         cerebrovascular disease, stroke, congestive heart disease,         hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and sexual dysfunction;     -   (iv) Respiratory and inflammatory disorders, including asthma,         chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis, as         well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases;     -   (v) Any disease or condition characterized by low levels of cAMP         and/or cGMP (or inhibition of cAMP and/or cGMP signaling         pathways) in cells expressing PDE1; and/or     -   (vi) Any disease or condition characterized by reduced dopamine         D1 receptor signaling activity,         comprising administering an effective amount of a Compound of         the Invention, e.g., a compound according to any of Formula Q or         1.1-1.56, or Formula (X), to a human or animal patient in need         thereof.

In an especially preferred embodiment, the invention provides methods of treatment or prophylaxis for narcolepsy. In this embodiment, PDE 1 Inhibitors may be used as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents. Thus, the invention further comprises a method of treating narcolepsy comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of

-   -   (i) a PDE 1 Inhibitor, e.g., a compound according to any of         Formula I or 1.57-1.87, and     -   (ii) a compound to promote wakefulness or regulate sleep, e.g.,         selected from (a) central nervous system stimulants-amphetamines         and amphetamine like compounds, e.g., methylphenidate,         dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and pemoline; (b)         modafinil, (c) antidepressants, e.g., tricyclics (including         imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, and protriptyline) and         selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including fluoxetine         and sertraline); and/or (d) gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB).         in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or         animal patient in need thereof.

The invention also comprises a method of treating narcolepsy comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of

-   -   (i) a PDE 1 Inhibitor, e.g., a compound according to any of         Formula Q or 1.1-1.56, or Formula (X) and     -   (ii) a compound to promote wakefulness or regulate sleep, e.g.,         selected from (a) central nervous system stimulants-amphetamines         and amphetamine like compounds, e.g., methylphenidate,         dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and pemoline; (b)         modafinil, (c) antidepressants, e.g., tricyclics (including         imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, and protriptyline) and         selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including fluoxetine         and sertraline); and/or (d) gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB).         in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or         animal patient in need thereof.

In another embodiment, the invention provides methods of treatment or prophylaxis of a condition which may be alleviated by the enhancement of the progesterone signaling comprising administering an effective amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., a compound according to any of Formula 1.57-1.87 or Formula I, to a human or animal patient in need thereof. In still another embodiment, the invention further provides methods of treatment or prophylaxis of a condition which may be alleviated by the enhancement of the progesterone signaling comprising administering an effective amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., a compound according to any of Formula Q or 1.1-1.56, or Formula (X) to a human or animal patient in need thereof. Disease or condition that may be ameliorated by enhancement of progesterone signaling include, but are not limited to, female sexual dysfunction, secondary amenorrhea (e.g., exercise amenorrhoea, anovulation, menopause, menopausal symptoms, hypothyroidism), pre-menstrual syndrome, premature labor, infertility, for example infertility due to repeated miscarriage, irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, and hypothyroidism. For example, by enhancing progesterone signaling, the PDE 1 inhibitors may be used to encourage egg implantation through effects on the lining of uterus, and to help maintain pregnancy in women who are prone to miscarriage due to immune response to pregnancy or low progesterone function. The novel PDE 1 inhibitors, e.g., as described herein, may also be useful to enhance the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy, e.g., administered in combination with estrogen/estradiol/estriol and/or progesterone/progestins in postmenopausal women, and estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. The methods of the invention are also useful for animal breeding, for example to induce sexual receptivity and/or estrus in a nonhuman female mammal to be bred.

In this embodiment, PDE 1 Inhibitors may be used in the foregoing methods of treatment or prophylaxis as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents, for example in conjunction with hormone replacement therapy. Thus, the invention further comprises a method of treating disorders that may be ameliorated by enhancement of progesterone signaling comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of

-   -   (i) a PDE 1 Inhibitor, e.g., a compound according to any of         Formula 1.57-1.87 or Formula I, and     -   (ii) a hormone, e.g., selected from estrogen and estrogen         analogues (e.g., estradiol, estriol, estradiol esters) and         progesterone and progesterone analogues (e.g., progestins)         in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or         animal patient in need thereof.

The invention also comprises a method of treating disorders that may be ameliorated by enhancement of progesterone signaling comprising administering simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administering therapeutically effective amounts of

-   -   (i) a PDE 1 Inhibitor, e.g., a compound according to any of         Formula Q, e.g., 1.1-1.56, or Formula (X) and     -   (ii) a hormone, e.g., selected from estrogen and estrogen         analogues (e.g., estradiol, estriol, estradiol esters) and         progesterone and progesterone analogues (e.g., progestins)         in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, to a human or         animal patient in need, thereof.

The invention also provides a method for enhancing or potentiating dopamine D1 intracellular signaling activity in a cell or tissue comprising contacting said cell or tissue with an amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g., 1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or Formula (X), sufficient to inhibit PDE1B activity.

The invention also provides a method for enhancing or potentiating progesterone signaling activity in a cell or tissue comprising contacting said cell or tissue with an amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g., 1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or Formula (X), sufficient to inhibit PDE 1B activity.

The invention also provides a method for treating a PDE1-related, especially PDE1B-related disorder, a dopamine D1 receptor intracellular signaling pathway disorder, or disorders that may be alleviated by the enhancement of the progesterone signaling pathway in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g., 1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or Formula (X), that inhibits PDE1B, wherein PDE1B activity modulates phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and/or the GluR1 AMPA receptor.

The present invention also provides

-   -   (i) a Compound of the Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g.,         1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or Formula (X), for use as a         pharmaceutical, for example for use in any method or in the         treatment of any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth,     -   (ii) the use of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I,         e.g., 1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or Formula (X), in the manufacture         of a medicament for treating any disease or condition as         hereinbefore set forth,     -   (iii) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the         Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g., 1.1-1.56 of 1.57-1.87 or         Formula (X), in combination or association with a         pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, and     -   (iv) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the         Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g., 1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or         Formula (X), in combination or association with a         pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier for use in the         treatment of any disease or condition as hereinbefore set forth.

Therefore, the invention provides use of a Compound of the Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g., 1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or Formula (X), in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form, or a Compound of the Invention in a pharmaceutical composition form, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylactic treatment of the following diseases: Parkinson's disease, restless leg, tremors, dyskinesias, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and drug-induced movement disorders; depression, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar illness, anxiety, sleep disorder, narcolepsy, cognitive impairment, dementia, Tourette's syndrome, autism, fragile X syndrome, psychostimulant withdrawal, and/or drug addiction; cerebrovascular disease, stroke, congestive heart disease, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and/or sexual dysfunction; asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or allergic rhinitis, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; and/or female sexual dysfunction, exercise amenorrhoea, anovulation, menopause, menopausal symptoms, hypothyroidism, pre-menstrual syndrome, premature labor, infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, hypothyroidism, estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma; and/or any disease or condition characterized by low levels of cAMP and/or cGMP (or inhibition of cAMP and/or cGMP signaling pathways) in cells expressing PDE1, and/or by reduced dopamine D1 receptor signaling activity; and/or any disease or condition that may be ameliorated by the enhancement of progesterone signaling; comprising administering an effective amount of a Compound of the Invention, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g., 1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or Formula (X), to a patient in need of such treatment.

The words “treatment” and “treating” are to be understood accordingly as embracing prophylaxis and treatment or amelioration of symptoms of disease as well as treatment of the cause of the disease

Compounds of the Invention are in particular useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, narcolepsy and female sexual dysfunction.

Compounds of the Invention, e.g., Formula Q, I, e.g., 1.1-1.56 or 1.57-1.87, or Formula (X), may be used as a sole therapeutic agent, but may also be used in combination or for co-administration with other active agents. For example, as Compounds of the Invention potentiate the activity of D1 agonists, such as dopamine, they may be simultaneously, sequentially, or contemporaneously administered with conventional dopaminergic medications, such as levodopa and levodopa adjuncts (carbidopa, COMT inhibitors, MAO-B inhibitors), dopamine agonists, and anticholinergics, e.g., in the treatment of a patient having Parkinson's disease. In addition, the novel PDE 1 inhibitors, e.g., as described herein, may also be administered in combination with estrogen/estradiol/estriol and/or progesterone/progestins to enhance the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy or treatment of estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma.

Dosages employed in practicing the present invention will of course vary depending, e.g. on the particular disease or condition to be treated, the particular Compound of the Invention used, the mode of administration, and the therapy desired. Compounds of the Invention may be administered by any suitable route, including orally, parenterally, transdermally, or by inhalation, but are preferably administered orally. In general, satisfactory results, e.g. for the treatment of diseases as hereinbefore set forth are indicated to be obtained on oral administration at dosages of the order from about 0.01 to 2.0 mg/kg. In larger mammals, for example humans, an indicated daily dosage, for oral administration will accordingly be in the range of from about 0.75 to 150 mg, conveniently administered once, or in divided doses 2 to 4 times, daily or in sustained release form. Unit dosage forms for oral administration thus for example may comprise from about 0.2 to 75 or 150 mg, e.g. from about 0.2 or 2.0 to 50, 75 or 100 mg of a Compound of the Invention, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising Compounds of the Invention may be prepared using conventional diluents or excipients and techniques known in the galenic art. Thus oral dosage forms may include tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions and the like.

EXAMPLES Example 1 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

(a) 7-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione

Phenyl isothiocyanate (3.9 mL, 32.7 mmol) is added to a suspension of 6-hydrazinyl-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (0.45 g, 1.6mmol) in DMF (12 mL). The reaction mixture is heated at 120° C. for 40 hours, and then evaporated to remove solvent under reduced pressure. The residue is washed with hexanes, and then treated with MeOH (125 mL), and stored at −15° C. for 2 days to give a crystalline solid. The solid is recrystallized from CH₃OH—EtOAc to afford 2.5 g of product (Yield: 61%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ3.21 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 6.88-7.36 (m, 9H). MS (FAB) m/z 378.3 [M+H]⁺.

(b) 5-Methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione

To a solution of 7-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (6.6 g, 17.5 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) is added TFA (30 mL) slowly at room temperature, followed by adding trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (10 mL) dropwise. After the reaction-mixture is stirred at r.t. for 2 hours, solvent is removed under reduced pressure, and then 200 mL of 1N NaOH is added with cooling. The mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate five times, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then filtered. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness to give 4.3 g of crude product as white solids (Yield: 96%). MS (ESI) m/z 258.1 [M+H]⁺.

(c) 6-Chloro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one

5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (4.3 g, 16.7 mmol) is refluxed in POCl₃ (120 mL) for 2 days, and then POCl₃ is removed under reduced pressure. The residue is suspended in 100 mL of water and carefully adjusted to pH=1˜2 with 7% NH₄OH upon cooling. The mixture is then extracted with CH₂Cl₂ and MeOH (10:1, v/v) five times. The combined organic phase is washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then evaporated under reduced vacuum to give 3.3 g of crude product (Yield: 72%). MS (ESI) m/z 276.1 [M+H]⁺.

(d) 6-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclopentylamino)-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one

A solution of 6-chloro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (3.3 g, 12 mmol), (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclopentanol hydrochloride (2 g, 14.4 mmol) and DIPEA (4.6 mL, 27 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) is heated at 120° C. for 5 hours. Solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ and MeOH (10:1, v/v), and then washed with water three times. The solution is dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to dryness to give 3.5 g of crude product. MS (ESI) m/z 341.2 [M+H]⁺.

(e) (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

2.0 M solution of thionyl chloride in CH₂Cl₂ (7.5 mL, 15.4 mmol) is added dropwise to a solution of 6-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclopentylamino)-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (3.5 g, 10.3 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) at room temperature. After the completion of the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred at r.t. for 2 h. Solvent and excess SOCl₂ are removed under reduced pressure. The residue is suspended in water (100 mL), and then carefully neutralized with 7% ammonium hydroxide (5 mL) to pH=6.5˜7. The mixture is extracted with CH₂Cl₂ and MeOH (10:1, v/v) five times. The combined organic phase is washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then evaporated under reduced vacuum to give 2.9 g of crude product. MS (ESI) m/z 323.2 [M+H]⁺.

(f) (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e)]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

A mixture of (6aR,9aS)-5,6a7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (50 mg, 0.155 mmol), 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran (70 mg, 0.310 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (101 mg, 0.310 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) is heated in microwave at 140°C. for 30 min. After cooling, the mixture is filtered through a 0.45 μm microfilter, and the filtrate is purified by a semi-preparative HPLC to give pure product as white powder. MS (ESI) m/z 421.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 2 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one

A mixture of (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (50 mg, 0.155 mmol), 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran (70 mg, 0.310 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (101 mg, 0.310 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) is heated in microwave at 140° C. for 30 min. After cooling, the mixture is filtered through a 0.45 μm microfilter, and the filtrate is purified by a semi-preparative HPLC to give pure product as white powder. MS (ESI) m/z 421.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 3 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1-(3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 2 wherein 3-chloro-N,N,2-trimethylpropan-1-amine is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 422.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 4 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1-(cyclopentylmethyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 2 wherein cyclopentylmethyl iodide is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 405.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 5 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-(cyclopentylmethyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 1 wherein cyclopentylmethyl iodide is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 405.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 6 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 2 wherein (3-bromoprop-1-ynyl)benzene is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 437.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 7

(6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1-(4-acetylphenethyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 2 wherein 1-(4-(2-chloroethyl)phenyl)ethanone is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 469.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 8 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-(4-acetylphenethyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 1 wherein 1-(4-(2-chloroethyl)phenyl)ethanone is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 469.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 9 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1-(3-fluoro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 2 wherein 1-(4-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 527.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 10 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-(3-fluoro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 1 wherein 1-(4-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 527.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 11 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenethyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 2wherein 1-(2-bromoethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 495.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 12 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenethyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

The synthesis method is analogous to example 1 wherein 1-(2-bromoethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is added instead of 4-(iodomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. MS (ESI) m/z 495.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 13 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-(bromo(4-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

A mixture of (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (35 mg, 0.109 mmol), 2-(4-(dibromomethyl)phenyl)-5-fluoropyridine, and K₂CO₃ (15 mg, 0.109 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) is stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture is filtered through a 0.45 μm microfilter, and the filtrate is purified by a semi-preparative HPLC to give product as white powder. MS (ESI) m/z 585.9 [M+H]⁺.

Example 14 (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

This compound may be made using similar method as in example 13 wherein 2-(4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-6-fluoropyridine may be used instead of 2-(4-(dibromomethyl)phenyl)-5-fluoropyridine.

Example 15 Measurement of PDE1B Inhibition in vitro Using IMAP Phosphodiesterase Assay Kit

Phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B) is a calcium/calmodulin dependent phosphodiesterase enzyme that converts cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to 5′-guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP). PDE1B can also convert a modified cGMP substrate, such as the fluorescent molecule cGMP-fluorescein, to the corresponding GMP-fluorescein. The generation of GMP-fluorescein from cGMP-fluorescein can be quantitated, using, for example, the IMAP (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.) immobilized-metal affinity particle reagent.

Briefly, the IMAP reagent binds with high affinity to the free 5′-phosphate that is found in GMP-fluorescein and not in cGMP-fluorescein. The resulting GMP-fluorescein-IMAP complex is large relative to cGMP-fluorescein. Small fluorophores that are bound up in a large, slowly tumbling, complex can be distinguished from unbound fluorophores, because the photons emitted as they fluoresce retain the same polarity as the photons used to excite the fluorescence.

In the phosphodiesterase assay, cGMP-fluorescein, which cannot be bound to IMAP, and therefore retains little fluorescence polarization, is converted to GMP-fluorescein, which, when bound to IMAP, yields a large increase in fluorescence polarization (Δmp). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase, therefore, is detected as a decrease in Δmp.

Enzyme Assay

Materials: All chemicals are available from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.) except for IMAP reagents (reaction buffer, binding buffer, FL-GMP and IMAP beads), which are available from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, Calif.).

Assay: 3′,5′-cyclic-nucleotide-specific bovine brain phosphodiesterase (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) is reconstituted with 50% glycerol to 2.5 U/ml. One unit of enzyme will hydrolyze 1.0 μmole of 3′,5′-cAMP to 5′-AMP per min at pH 7.5 at 30° C. One part enzyme is added to 1999 parts reaction buffer (30 μM CaCl₂, 10 U/ml of calmodulin (Sigma P2277), 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.2, 10 mM MgCl₂, 0.1% BSA, 0.05% NaN₃) to yield a final concentration of 1.25 mU/ml. 99 μl of diluted enzyme solution is added into each well in a flat bottom 96-well polystyrene plate to which 1 μl of test compound dissolved in 100% DMSO is added. The compounds are mixed and pre-incubated with the enzyme for 10 min at room temperature.

The FL-GMP conversion reaction is initiated by combining 4 parts enzyme and inhibitor mix with 1 part substrate solution (0.225 μM) in a 384-well microliter plate. The reaction is incubated in dark at room temperature for 15 min. The reaction is halted by addition of 60 μl of binding reagent (1:400 dilution of IMAP beads in binding buffer supplemented with 1:1800 dilution of antifoam) to each well of the 384-well plate. The plate is incubated at room temperature for 1 hour to allow IMAP binding to proceed to completion, and then placed in an Envision multimode microplate reader (PerkinElmer, Shelton, Conn.) to measure the fluorescence polarization (Δmp).

A decrease in GMP concentration, measured as decreased Δmp, is indicative of inhibition of PDE activity. IC₅₀ values are determined by measuring enzyme activity in the presence of 8 to 16 concentrations of compound ranging from 0.0037 nM to 80,000 nM and then plotting drug concentration versus ΔmP, which allows IC₅₀ values to be estimated using nonlinear regression software (XLFit; IDBS, Cambridge, Mass.).

The Compounds of the Invention are selected and tested in an assay as described or similarly described herein for PDE1 inhibitory activity, which compounds generally have IC₅₀ values of less than 1 μM, e.g., the Compounds of formulae 1.54 and 1.55 generally have IC₅₀ values of less than 250 nM.

Example 16 PDE1 Inhibitor Effect on Sexual Response in Female Rats

The effect of PDE1 inhibitors on Lordosis Response in female rats is measured as described in Mani, et al., Science (2000) 287: 1053. Ovariectomized and cannulated wild-type rats are primed with 2 μg estrogen followed 24 hours later by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of progesterone (2 μg), PDE1 inhibitors of the present invention (0.1 mg, 1.0 mg or 2.5 mg) or sesame oil vehicle (control). The rats are tested for lordosis response in the presence of male rats. Lordosis response is quantified by the lordosis quotient (LQ=number of lordosis/10 mounts×100). It will be observed that the LQ for estrogen-primed female rats receiving compounds of the present invention at 0.1 mg, will generally be similar to estrogen-primed rats receiving progesterone and higher than for estrogen-primed rats receiving vehicle. 

1-24. (canceled)
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 26. (canceled)
 27. (canceled)
 28. (canceled)
 29. (canceled)
 30. (canceled)
 31. (canceled)
 32. The method according to claim 42, wherein the disease or disorder is Parkinson's disease.
 33. The method according to claim 42, wherein the disease or disorder is cognitive impairment.
 34. The method according to claim 42, wherein the disease or disorder is narcolepsy.
 35. The method according to claim 42, wherein the disease or disorder is a sleep disorder.
 36. The method according to claim 42, wherein the disease or disorder is cognitive impairment of schizophrenia.
 37. (canceled)
 38. (canceled)
 39. (canceled)
 40. (canceled)
 41. (canceled)
 42. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or disorder selected from Parkinson's disease, cognitive impairment, narcolepsy, sleep disorder and cognitive impairment of schizophrenia, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment, an effective amount of the compound (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one according to the following formula:

in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. 